Portfolio Management : Advisory vs Discretionary, The Pros and Cons are Changing

In many of the groups that I visit around the world, we find that they have a portfolio proposition that is either advisory, discretionary, or perhaps have both. What I find interesting though is why their propositions are such and whether they are open minded to the alternatives.

In the advisory proposition camp, we often find that the key drivers on the positive side are that it supports a highly client engaging and interacting proposition and supports relationships, and in other ways is regarded as often with a lower business risk as each adjustment to the portfolio is done with the client’s approval. The downsides of this proposition for the adviser and possible also the client is that it requires for the adviser to establish contact with the client, for the client to approve the portfolio adjustments which may have challenges if the client is not in the same time zone as the adviser, may not be contactable, or just doesn’t want to think about any portfolio adjustments at that time.

In the discretionary camp, the clear benefits are that the adviser or portfolio manager can take advantage of short living market opportunities, perhaps can get leverage of the whole book size (or many portfolios at the same time),  and reduce or eliminate the workflows for client communications and confirmations when adjusting portfolios. Also this model is inherently more scalable as less ‘workflows’ to involve external people (ie clients) are required. The downside however is that in many countries the regulatory overheads and approvals to offer a discretionary service to investors is sometimes quite challenging in terms of license approvals, education and experience requirements and often firm capital adequacy requirements.

 

What I find interesting is that in some countries the discretionary service is regarded as the premium service for more valuable clients, and advisory for the broader client range, whereas in other countries it is the other way around. Clearly this is historical in it’s positioning.

 Now enter the world of new technologies over the last 10 or so years, like smartphones, interactive web sites and global internet connectivity. A combination of these essentially help overcome some of the challenges of the advisory portfolio proposition as it can be easier to communicate with clients and get their approvals. Compounding this with the ability to produce high quality personalized portfolio reviews with massive scale and efficiency though Financial Simplicity, and we have now sufficient enough ingredients and removal of the frictions of the advisory model to make it a lot more efficient, and more scalable also.

 Whilst clearly the advisory model will not suit the client that expressed strong preference or instruction that they just doesn’t want to be contacted (which may come with additional costs to support the regulatory increases to deliver such),  some of the business and operating barriers and considerations can be ironed out and / or be removed.

Picture this:

a)      Each adviser can use portfolio intelligence capabilities from Financial Simplicity to monitor all their client portfolios (could be thousands) for required portfolio adjustments. Within seconds they can identify which client portfolios need adjustment.

b)      Then for those client portfolios that warrant adjustments, the adviser can use Financial Simplicity’s personalized portfolio modelling / rebalancing in seconds again to produce personalized portfolio reviews for such clients. With the automation in Financial Simplicity to support this, they may do this for dozens of even hundreds of client portfolios within minutes

c)       Assuming the clients have phones or email. the adviser can then use their email / CRM / SMS or whatever ways of communication they desire to communicate with their clients electronically

d)      The clients can read the portfolio review documents and can then either speak to the adviser or use on-line methods to approve the portfolio adjustments for the adviser

e)      The adviser then implements the portfolio adjustments according to their workflows and methods which could involve methods to efficiently make trades for clients en-masse

In the same way that discretionary managers may only make smaller adjustments to portfolios in a day, should the above process be sufficiently efficient, then it may be that each client portfolio review will just be smaller adjustments, requiring less contemplation or time to consider by each client, improving overall end to end efficiency.

 When faced with the decision of advisory vs discretionary portfolio propositions (or both), the above operating model raises a number of questions:

i)                    What is the client engagement model  that each client prefers, to ensure to deliver a service to their requirements ?

ii)                   What the different economics of the different operating models ? Are now the costs of monitoring , reviewing / rebalancing portfolios and communicating with clients now down to a cost level that makes it more appealing than a discretionary offer (with associated regulatory overheads perhaps) ?

iii)                 What are the set up and establishment costs (ie licensing, capital adequacy, resourcing, compliance  etc) for the different proposition types ?

iv)                 Where are the technology trends likely to move in the future ?

v)                  What pricing levels,  premiums or discounts can the firm provide for each type of proposition compared to the other – which is cheaper or more expensive to operate ? what is the relative value in the eyes of the different client types ?

vi)                 Now do I segment my clients more around how they want to be engaged rather than how much monies they have for investing ?

 With technologies such as Financial Simplicity that can enable very efficient and massively scalable advisory or discretionary portfolio propositions, there clearly are opportunities for firms to think hard about, and be creative with, the type of propositions they want to offer, and accommodate broader ranges of clients. The profitability of each proposition I suspect will be quite influenced by how regulators regulate the different proposition types, overlayed with the increasing ease of use of networked technologies to bring the adviser and the client closer together.

 I also am guessing that moving forward, wealth management firms may find themselves in a position where the client may have apps and technologies in their hands that will define how their service providers will interact with them if they want their business. The ever changing technological, regulatory and social landscape that we operate in I doubt will keep evolving and changing.